This course studies some architectures of the microprocessors and microcontrollers, which are widely used in embedded systems, as well as peripherals interfacing, and software development on those architectures. The topics include the architectures of microprocessors and microcontrollers in embedded systems, memory interfacing, buses, interrupts, interfacing with input/output devices, the conversion between analog signals and digital signals, interfacing with sensors and actuators, and data communication through ports (such as RS-232 ports, USB ports, and parallel ports).